Napoleon Bonaparte, later known as Napoleon I, was a French military and political leader who is considered one of the most influential figures in European history. He served as a general during the latter years of the French Revolution, then seized power in France then seized power in France, ruling as First Consul and then as Emperor.
He maintained France's sphere of influence by the formation of extensive alliances and the appointment of friends and family members to rule other European countries as French client states.
The French invasion of Russia in 1812 marked a turning point in Napoleon's fortunes. His Grande Armee was wrecked in the campaign and never fully recovered. In 1813, the Sixth Coalition defeated his forces at Leipzig, invaded France and exiled him to the island of Elba. Less than a year later, he returned and was finally defeated at the Battle of Waterloo in June 1815. Napoleon spent the last six years of his life under British supervision on the island of Saint Helena, where he died in 1821.
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